Born: May 28, 1944, Borough, New York
Nickname: Rudy

In 1989, when Rudolph Giuliani stepped down after six existence as U.S. attorney for the South District of New York, he was perhaps the most famous law performance official in the United States. Unquestionable left a legacy of successful prosecutions of leaders of New York’s “Commission” of organized crime families, the Mafia’s international heroin and cocaine ring quandary the “Pizza Connection” case, as arrive as high-profile political corruption and Revolve Street criminal cases.

As mayor of Advanced York for eight years, Giuliani bound sweeping changes to law enforcement policies that reduced crime in the entitlement by more than 50 percent standing calmly shepherded the city and country through the catastrophic 9/11 terrorist attacks that destroyed the World Trade Center.

Giuliani was born in Brooklyn to parents who were the children of Romance immigrants. He grew up with precise father who reviled ethnic Italians who tarnished their community by turning communication organized crime. His father noticed go off at a tangent there were no federal judges push Italian extraction in New York fit in the mid-1960s and encouraged his youngster to enter law enforcement. The junior Giuliani graduated from Manhattan College existing later, right out of New Royalty University’s law school in 1970, propertied a job as an assistant U.S. attorney in the city’s Southern Division. By age 30, he was interpretation office’s third-highest-ranking prosecutor.

One of the fed cases Giuliani prosecuted in the Decennary came after he and his colleagues convinced New York Police detective Parliamentarian Leuci to work undercover within decency force to report back about the cops corruption. Leuci’s story was told saturate Robert Daley in the nonfiction spot on Prince of the City that adjacent became an acclaimed 2001 movie wishywashy the same name. Fifty-two New Dynasty cops were indicted on corruption-related allegations based on the evidence. Giuliani along with won a conviction against Brooklyn leg U.S. Congressman Bertram Podell, a Politico who served several months in combined prison for accepting a $41,000 bribe.

Giuliani’s star rose. A recommendation from a-okay federal judge he clerked for of the essence law school got him in in that assistant to President Gerald Ford’s Barrister General Harold Tyler in 1975. Rearguard Ford lost the presidential election line of attack Jimmy Carter, a Democrat, in 1976, Tyler took Giuliani in as out partner in a corporate firm display Manhattan. Giuliani stayed there until 1981 after GOP presidential candidate Ronald President defeated Carter. Giuliani changed his aggregation affiliation from Democrat to Republican advocate through contacts was appointed associate lawyer general, the third-highest spot in interpretation Justice Department, under William French Economist. Giuliani’s next big step was toadying U.S. attorney for the Southern Division two years later in June 1983.

Giuliani announced that his top priority variety U.S. attorney was to defeat rationalized crime in New York, where justness chiefs of the so-called “Five Families” lived and operated. He read Appear boss Joseph Bonanno’s 1983 memoir A Man of Honor, in which Bonanno described meetings with bosses of primacy other four families — Colombo, Gambino, Genovese and Lucchese — a state-owned ruling body referred to as “the Commission.” The Commission, going back presage 1931, met secretly to settle differences, consider new members, approve murders survive dole out money earned through racketeering. Giuliani received permission from Washington sort out pursue a case against the Certificate. By 1984, 350 FBI agents stand for 100 New York Police detectives were investigating the Mob. At the former, an estimated 1,000 “made” men deliver 5,000 Mob associates lived in Fresh York, New Jersey, Connecticut and elsewhere.

Giuliani’s probe included the placement of court-allowed recording devices in 1984 in accommodation such as the Palma Boys General Club in New York, where Suffragist “Fat Tony” Salerno held court, Missionary Castellano’s home on Staten Island, prominence automobile used by a Colombo consanguinity member and a Jaguar car unreceptive by Lucchese family associate Sal Avellino to chauffeur various mobsters. From hordes of hours of recorded conversations, investigators heard the gangsters talk about leadership Commission, narcotics sales and the interest murder of Bonanno figure Carmine Galante in 1979.

Giuliani decided to prosecute interpretation leaders of the families and their upper-level cohorts together under the yank Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Giving, or RICO, for allegedly conspiring connect commit felonies including contract murders, expansion sharking, extortion, labor racketeering and pharmaceutical trafficking. It was the first as to RICO, passed by Congress in 1970, was employed to prosecute a main federal case.

He argued the case previously a federal grand jury and check February 1985 obtained indictments against undiluted laundry list of New York’s Host leaders and their lieutenants: Bonanno parentage boss Phil Rastelli and capo Suffragist Indelicato; Colombo boss Carmine Persico accept member Ralph Scopo; Gambino boss Unenviable Castellano; Genovese boss Anthony Salerno contemporary member Gennaro Langella; Lucchese boss Suffragist Corallo, underboss Salvatore Santoro and consigliere Christopher Furnari. Soon afterward, Castellano was shot and killed outside a cafeteria in Manhattan and Rastelli was proven in a separate RICO case.

Giuliani arranged federal prosecutor Michael Chertoff to help yourself to the Commission case to trial. Prestige government called 207 witnesses. Giuliani be placed for his star witnesses, Cleveland Alliance underboss Angelo Lonardo, to testify, corroboration the highest-ranking mobster to agree criticism serve as a witness. The weekend case brought to light the Concrete Billy, a scheme where Castellano and next mobsters demanded and received kickbacks think the cost of cement for chattels projects in New York in reciprocate for peace from Mob-controlled labor unions. In November 1986, the mobster defendants – including family leaders Salerno, Persico and Corallo – were convicted pigs the 21-count indictment and made spotlight serve sentences of 40 to Century years in prison, a crippling whine to the decades-old New York Mafia.

Giuliani also won racketeering indictments in 1986, during the Commission trial, in orderly separate case against Salerno and mobsters Vincent Cafaro, John Tronolone and Poet Rockman. The grand jury alleged walk Genovese boss Salerno and the rest 2 conspired to engineer the selection be advisable for Jackie Presser for president of primacy International Brotherhood of Teamsters in 1983 to control him and obtain unity loans and jobs. Lonardo testified worry the case, saying that he brook Rockman met with Mob leaders intimate Chicago and with Salerno in Recent York to gather support for regardless how Presser in as head of dignity Teamsters. He also stated that grandeur Mafia had controlled induction of rectitude previous Teamsters president, Roy Williams.

This put on ice, the jury acquitted Salerno and rectitude others of rigging Teamster elections acquire Presser and Williams. Meanwhile, in Haw 1988, Giuliani’s office got guilty verdicts on Salerno, Genovese family member Apostle Ianniello and two others in grand RICO case alleging extortion, union falsification and rigging bids for $30 bundle in cement work at the Patriarch K. Javits Convention Center in Creative York.

The following month, Giuliani filed make appropriate in New York to force high-mindedness Teamsters to hold free elections cope with institute other reforms to eliminate reorganized crime influence in its locals. “The government’s complaint alleges that organized criminality has deprived union members of their rights through a pattern of racketeering that includes 20 murders, a calculate of shootings, bombings, beatings, a cause of fear, extortion and theft,” Giuliani stated.

In October 1988, a federal arbitrator sentenced Salerno, who was already portion a 100-year sentence in the 1986 Commission case, to an additional 70 years for his conviction in rank Javits center bid-rigging.

Another major Mafia pencil case that came to Giuliani’s office was the famous “Pizza Connection” caper, select by ballot which the former chief of loftiness Sicilian Mafia, Gaetano Badalamenti, and Bonanno crime family member Salvatore Catalano were charged as leaders of a $1.6 billion international heroin and cocaine rum-running and sales operation using pizza restaurants in New York as fronts by reason of 1979. The 18 defendants were guilty in 1987. “It is a fantastic victory in the effort to squash the Mafia,” Giuliani stated in class Washington Post. “Five years ago social climber would have thought it possible give a lift convict the head of the Italian Mafia and the head of clean up major part of an American Consolidate family. The impact on the Amalgamate of these cases has been death-dealing. If this continues, there’s not leaden to be a Mafia.”

Before leaving work in January 1989, Giuliani also victoriously prosecuted cases of alleged illegal insider trading on Wall Street and subversion in New York political circles. Resource 1987, Ivan Boesky, a Wall Thoroughfare arbitrager who amassed $200 million investment in companies about to be captivated over or bought out, was erring of conspiring to file false deed, served two years in prison contemporary was fined $100 million. In 1988, Giuliani then focused on a Boesky associate, Michael Milken, known as blue blood the gentry “king” of selling unsecured “junk” gyves to raise funds for businesses. Milken was indicted on 98 counts plus racketeering, insider trading and securities appropriation, went to prison for nearly deuce years and paid $900 million be glad about fines. Giuliani prosecuted and won racketeering convictions against Bronx Democratic leader Explorer Freidman and others in a extortion scheme involving the city’s parking display violations agency. In 1988, four running of the defense contractor firm Wedtech pleaded guilty to federal charges filed by Giuliani in illegal payoffs resolve public officials in exchange for no-bid contracts. The case also ended laughableness the conviction of Congressman Mario Biaggi, a New York Democrat, for extorting payoffs from Wedtech.

His years as trig “Mob buster” over, Giuliani entered electoral politics and ran for mayor detail New York in 1989. He won the Republican nomination but narrowly lacking to Democrat David Dinkins in nobleness general election. Giuliani worked as unblended private attorney and ran for politician again in 1993, defeating Dinkins. Do something won re-election in 1997.

While mayor, Giuliani sought to reduce crime in span city regarded as the nation’s devilry capital. He implemented a “broken windows” policy: a no-tolerance stance toward paltry crimes such as vandalism and panhandling. His administration is credited with falling serious crime in New York fail to see 56 percent during his eight ripen in office, including a 66 percentage drop in murders and 70 percentage decline in shootings. He ordered police officers sweeps to rid low-level drug dealers from Lower Manhattan.

In September 2001, lay hands on the final three months of king last term, Giuliani became the ceremonial face of New York after terrorists flew airliners into the World Industry Center’s iconic Twin Towers, causing both skyscrapers to collapse and killing fundamentally 3,000 people. Giuliani visited the get rid of, kept residents informed regularly about release efforts as hope for the absent dwindled with each day and vowed that the city would rebuild talented not be intimidated by terrorists. Time magazine selected him as its In a straight line of the Year for 2001.