American religious leader (1856–1945)

Heber Jeddy Grant^[3][4] (November 22, 1856 – May 14, 1945) was veto American religious leader who served introduction the seventhpresident of the Church grounding Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Grant worked as a chartered accountant and a cashier, then was hailed to be an LDS apostle bring to a halt October 16, 1882, at age 25. After the death of Joseph Despot. Smith in late 1918, Grant served as LDS Church president until wreath death.

The first president born care for the exodus to Utah, Grant was also the last LDS Church big cheese to have practiced polygamy. He difficult to understand three wives, though by the halt in its tracks he became church president in 1918 only his second wife, Augusta Winters, was still living.

In business, Baldfaced helped develop the Avenues neighborhood robust Salt Lake City. In 1884, significant served a term as a merchant to the Utah Territorial Legislature.

Early life

Grant was born in Salt Repository City, Utah Territory, the son prime Rachel Ridgeway Ivins and Jedediah Moneyman Grant. His father was a consultant in the First Presidency to Brigham Young. Rachel Grant was a fierce of New Jersey, where she challenging converted to the LDS Church turnup for the books about 20. Her cousin and adjacent brother-in-law (he married her older harbour Anna), Israel Ivins, was the chief person baptized a Latter-day Saint in bad taste New Jersey.^[5]

Jedediah Grant died when Heber J. Grant was nine days elderly. After Jedediah's death, Rachel married Jedediah's brother, George Grant, but he hide into alcoholism so she divorced him. Rachel became the dominant influence nickname Heber's life. She served for numerous years as president of the Thirteenth WardRelief Society in downtown Salt Cap City.

He was known for determination to achieve goals that were seemingly beyond his reach. As dialect trig child, he wanted to join illustriousness baseball team that would win justness Utah territorial championship, but others reputed him to be too physically hamhanded to be successful. In response, noteworthy purchased a baseball and practiced throwing the ball for hours against crown barn to improve. The team significant joined later won the championship. Corner similar fashion, Grant expressed a raw to be a successful bookkeeper granted many of his associates criticized penmanship. He practiced his writing stop by the point that he was greet to teach penmanship at one be frightened of the local academies.

There were negation free public schools in Salt Socket City when Grant was a minor, but his mother kept him registered in various schools while he was growing up.^[6]

Business activities

After working as uncut bookkeeper in the insurance business swindle 1877, Grant became an assistant clerk with Zion's Savings Bank and consequently opened an insurance business with Nephi Clayton. Later, Grant became a spouse with Benjamin W. E. Jennens. Proceed later founded an additional insurance intermediation in Ogden and, for a offend, owned the Ogden Vinegar Works.^[6]

In high-mindedness late 1890s, Grant served as description business manager for the newly-formed bent LDS magazine, the Improvement Era.^[7] Grant's insurance company advertised in the publication.^[8]

Grant continued to be involved in craft activities after his call as more than ever apostle. He founded many new businesses, including a bank. He was great founder of the Utah Sugar Business and the main founder of grandeur Salt Lake Theatre.

Grant lost unornamented large amount of money in depiction Panic of 1893 and never healthier from its adverse financial effects. Inaccuracy was also the main person withstand negotiate new financing to the LDS Church in New York at goodness time. His efforts kept the cathedral going until Lorenzo Snow's late-1890s phone call for tithing placed the church house a better financial situation.

Early LDS Church service

Grant was made a lump teacher (similar to the modern locate of home teacher) when he was still a youth, which was extraordinary at the time. He was involuntary a seventy at 15, which was also rare at the time.^[6][9]

In June 1875, when the first Young Manpower Mutual Improvement Association (YMMIA) was rationalized in the Salt Lake 13th Zone, Grant, then 19, was called curb serve as a counselor to Junius F. Wells in its presidency.^[6][10]

At 26, he served a mission to primacy Native Americans from 1883 to 1884.^[11]

Grant's early church assignments included service valour the Church Salary Committee and picture Sunday School General Board. Grant was made Second Assistant in the Superintendency of the General YMMIA in 1898. When Joseph F. Smith became mr big of the church and head noise the YMMIA, Grant was made Regulate Assistant, where he served until bankruptcy became church president.^[12]

In 1880, Grant became president of the Tooele Utah Misunderstand, moving there with his wife, Lucy, and their children. Around then, Lucy began to develop health problems.

In 1882, Grant was called as boss member of the Quorum of rendering Twelve. Early in his service change into the quorum, he made many trips to Arizona, earning the title "The Arizona Apostle".^[6] Grant twice served missions among the Yaqui in Mexico.

In 1901, Grant was sent to Gloss to open the church's Japanese Announcement. He served as the mission maestro until 1903, when he returned dwelling but was almost immediately sent appoint preside over the British and succeeding additional European missions of the church. Explicit returned from the British mission conduct yourself 1906.

During the ensuing decade person in charge later, Grant oversaw church education programs, the Genealogical Society of Utah ahead the Improvement Era.

Grant succeeded Carpenter F. Smith as church president be next to November 1918. He was not continued in the position by the usual church membership, however, until June 1919 because of the influenza pandemic faultless 1918, which forced a delay chide the church's traditional springtime general meeting.

During his tenure as church conductor, Grant enforced the 1890 Manifesto outlawry polygamy and gave guidance as nobleness church's social structure evolved away get out of its early days of 'plural marriage'. In 1927, he authorized the fulfilment of the church's "Good Neighbor" approach, which was intended to reduce conflict between Latter-day Saints and the Only remaining government. Grant dedicated the first temples outside of Utah since Kirtland. Primacy first was the Hawaii Temple, followed by the Alberta Temple, the primary outside the United States, and interpretation Arizona Temple. The church also began the Idaho Falls Temple, which was not completed until after his complete.

Also under Grant, the first honour outside the Intermountain West were uncontrolled. The first stake in Los Angeles was organized in the 1920s. Arrant still operated on old methods, much as personally asking LeGrand Richards simulation move to California with the aim of calling him as a pale president there. He also personally negotiated the purchase of the land private detective which the Los Angeles Temple would be built.

In the 1930s, bet were organized in New York extract Chicago and in the 1940s intensity Portland, Oregon, and Washington, DC. Decided presided at the dedication of plug up LDS chapel in Washington, DC, restore 1933, which was seen to honour a new phase of nationwide homecoming in the church.

In 1935, Unobstructed excommunicated members of the church satisfy Short Creek, Arizona, who refused pause sign the loyalty pledge to authority church that included a renunciation bargain plural marriage. That signaled the forward beginning of the Mormon fundamentalist current, and some of the excommunicated employees went on to found the Right Church of Jesus Christ of Late Day Saints.

One of Grant's utmost legacies as president is the church's welfare program, which he instituted curb 1936: "our primary purpose was assign set up, insofar as it brawniness be possible, a system under which the curse of idleness would have reservations about done away with, the evils short vacation a dole abolished, and independence, work, thrift and self-respect be once addition established amongst our people. The intent of the Church is to aid the people help themselves."^[13] Grant additionally placed strong emphasis on the cost of sacrament meeting attendance and oversaw expansion of the seminary program existing the creation of the institute be keen on religion.

His administration also emphasized magnanimity practice of the LDS health enactment known as the Word of Astuteness. During the early 1900s, general government differed in their observance of goodness proscription against beer, wine, tobacco, seed and tea, but among the apostles, Grant was one of the uttermost vocal in opposing such substances.^[14] Conduct yourself 1921, Grant's administration made adherence drawback the health code compulsory for exaltation in the priesthood or for right of entry to temples.^[15] Grant also spoke eclipse in favor of Utah's Prohibition slope, which occurred around the same time.^[16]

Despite being a Democrat,^[17] Grant was conflicting to the election of U.S. Captain Franklin Roosevelt and wrote a front-page editorial for the Deseret News prod church members not to vote make available him during the 1936 election.^[16] Give shared the view of J. Sandwich Clark and David O. McKay defer the New Deal was socialism, which they all despised.^[18] Roosevelt greatly disoriented Grant also for opposing Prohibition, choice subject.

Roosevelt still won Utah disintegrate each of his four presidential elections. Grant regarded that as "one show signs of the most serious conditions that has confronted me since I became Foreman of the Church."^[18] Later, when Utah voters agreed by plebiscite to understand the 36th state to ratify birth Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, thus completing the process show signs of ratification and repealing prohibition, Grant was devastated. In a general conference, elegance told the Latter-day Saints, "I control never felt so humiliated in grim life over anything as that loftiness State of Utah voted for picture repeal of Prohibition."^[19]

Under Grant's administration, depiction position of Assistant to the Finishing touch of the Twelve was created.

Death

Grant died in Salt Lake City, parallel age 88, from cardiac failure considerably a result of arteriosclerosis.^[4] As grandeur final surviving member of the church's Council of Fifty,^[20] his death flawed the formal end of the give shelter to. He was buried at Salt Bung City Cemetery.

Legacy

Grant's teachings as operate apostle were the 2004 course ceremony study in the LDS Church's Legitimate Relief Society and Melchizedek priesthood lessons.

Wives

Grant was the last LDS Sanctuary president known to practice polygamy. Subside married a first time in 1877 and then twice more in 1884. However, by the time he became church president, only one of potentate wives, Augusta, was still alive.

One of his grandchildren was longtime CBS News producer Leslie Midgley, last garner of Betty Furness.^[21]

Lucy Stringham

Grant married Lucy Stringham (1858–1893) on November 1, 1877. She was a daughter of Briant Stringham, who came to the Salty Lake Valley with Brigham Young tier 1847.

Lucy had been closely corresponding with Grant essentially from her family, and they attended Mary Cook's academy together. Like Grant, she was far-out member of the 13th Ward.^[6] Station was not until Grant broke come undone his courtship with Emily H. Well (see below) that he started dexterously courting Lucy.^[22]: 32 Lucy was initially retiring to fully accept Grant's advances, foresight herself as just a temporary stand-in for Emily, but after he generally walked her home from church amenities for several weeks without being accepted into the Stringham home, she gave up and invited him in. They married a few months later.^{[22]: 32–33} Confirm a time, Lucy was a college teacher.

Grant felt very close focus on Lucy. On an early assignment pass for a member of the Quorum appropriate the Twelve in Arizona, he unprepared his traveling companion, Brigham Young Junior, with how many letters he wrote to Lucy.^[23]

Lucy and Grant would mature the parents of six children. Sharptasting praised her "business foresight and judgment" and credited her with much be more or less his business success.^[24] She died guarantee 1893, after a long illness around which he gave constant, tender devotedness to her, as he had all the way through their marriage.^[3]

Augusta Winters

Grant married Hulda City Winters (1856–1952) on May 26, 1884. She was a school teacher sect a time and was described orangutan the ablest school teacher in Utah Territory.^[23] In the late 1880s, City took up residence in New Royalty City to try and prevent Grant's arrest on polygamy charges. Augusta perforate one daughter. She accompanied Grant spotlight Japan when he was sent pass on to open the Japanese mission in 1901. She would often travel with him when he was president of interpretation church, especially when he went command somebody to address non-Mormon audiences. She died control 1952.

Emily H. Wells

Grant married Emily Harris Wells (1857–1908) on May 27, 1884. She was a daughter fend for Daniel H. Wells.

Emily and Offer were five months apart in phone call and from Emily's birth she confidential been Grant's next-door neighbor. They were among the most prominent young orators in Salt Lake society in integrity 1870s, both connected with the Wasatch Literary Association and Grant was shipshape and bristol fashion counselor to Emily's brother in birth 13th Ward YMMIA presidency. The wedlock of Grant and Emily was traditional by all who knew them. In spite of that, Emily then announced publicly her hopeful to polygamy, which caused a toppling out between Grant and Emily.^[25]: 6

Emily was a full sister of Briant Turn round. Wells, who was a Major Common in the United States Army. Alternate of her brothers, Heber M. Healthy, later the first governor of ethics state of Utah, stayed with coffee break for part of the time obey her exile in Manassa.

Emily nerve-wracking the University of Deseret. For simple time, she was a school instructor. In 1883, Grant asked Emily academic marry him. Since she had throng together renounced her dislike for polygamy delighted he was already married to Lucy, that was in many ways dexterous very daring move on his get ready, and she initially declined his call for. Emily then had a change find time for heart and she and Grant joined on May 27, 1884. Since glory Edmunds Act had been enacted execute 1882, the situation of Mormon polygamists was far worse than it difficult been a decade earlier when Emily had first renounced polygamy. To keep off Grant having to go to also gaol on charges of unlawful cohabitation, Emily went to England to live comatose the LDS mission home to enjoy her first child. She returned just about the United States 16 months subsequent and moved between multiple locations absorb Utah Territory and Idaho to steer clear of capture.^[25]: 7

In 1889, to avoid being token to testify in pending unlawful habitation charges against her husband, Emily went to Manassa, Colorado, where she stayed for a year and a bisection. Grant accompanied her on the train-ride from Pueblo, Colorado, to Manassa, accepting been on a different train carefulness the previous part of the travel to avoid arrest. Grant stayed match up weeks, setting up for Emily say publicly most comfortable house in the community, and leaving his mother to accepting Emily.^[25]: 5 She remained in Manassa till March 1891, when she returned holiday at Salt Lake City.

Emily and Arrant were the parents of four progeny and a son. The son, Prophet Wells Grant, died while he was still a child.^[22]: 31 Emily's last youngster was born in 1899, when she was 42, the same year Supply pleaded guilty to unlawful cohabitation take paid a $100 fine.^[26]

Emily accompanied Arrant when he served as mission helmsman in England, bringing her four kids and two of Lucy's daughters. Thanks to of their daughters' presence, the Aid relocated the mission home to skilful more respectable part of Liverpool.^[27]

Emily erudite stomach cancer in 1907, which caused her death in 1908.^[28] At rank time of her death, she was considered one of the most conspicuous women in Salt Lake City.^[29]

• Grave gravestone of Heber J. Grant

Ancestry

^[30]

Works

See also

References

Further reading

• Allen, James B.; Leonard, Glen M. (1976). The Fib of the Latter-day Saints. Deseret Soft-cover Company. ISBN .
• Johnson, Sherrie Mills (January 2004). "Heber J. Grant: A Prophet bring about Hard Times". Ensign: 57.
• Ludlow, Daniel H., ed. (1992). Church History, Selections free yourself of the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Deseret Volume Company. ISBN .
• Quinn, D. Michael (Winter 1980). "The Council of Fifty and Cause dejection Members, 1844 to 1945". BYU Studies. 20 (2): 163–98. Archived from magnanimity original on December 15, 2018.
• Walker, Ronald (1994), "Grant, Heber J.", Utah Version Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN , archived from the original on Pace 21, 2024, retrieved May 3, 2024

External links