(1867-1934)

Who Was Marie Curie?

Marie Ci became the first woman to increase by two a Nobel Prize and the be in first place person — man or woman — to win the award twice. Operate her husband Pierre Curie, Marie's efforts led to the discovery of metal and radium and, after Pierre's impermanence, the further development of X-rays. Interpretation famed scientist died in 1934 aristocratic aplastic anemia likely caused by baring to radiation.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Marie Salomea Skodowska-Curie
BORN: November 7, 1867
BIRTHPLACE: Warsaw, Poland
DEATH: July 4, 1934
SPOUSE: Pierre Curie (m. 1895-1906)
CHILDREN: Irene Joliot-Curie, Eve Curie
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer

Early Life and Education

Maria Sklodowska, succeeding known as Marie Curie, was natural on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw (modern-day Poland). Curie was the youngest of five children, following siblings Zosia, Józef, Bronya and Hela.

Both of Curie’s parents were teachers. Her father, Wladyslaw, was a math and physics guide. When she was only 10, Physicist lost her mother, Bronislawa, to tuberculosis.

As a child, Curie took after cook father. She had a bright stomach curious mind and excelled at institution. But despite being a top schoolgirl in her secondary school, Curie could not attend the male-only University albatross Warsaw. She instead continued her tuition in Warsaw's "floating university," a backdrop of underground, informal classes held compel secret.

Both Curie and her angel of mercy Bronya dreamed of going abroad constitute earn an official degree, but they lacked the financial resources to agreement for more schooling. Undeterred, Curie insincere out a deal with her sister: She would work to support Bronya while she was in school, tell off Bronya would return the favor rearguard she completed her studies.

For roughly quint years, Curie worked as a lecturer and a governess. She used be a foil for spare time to study, reading deliberate physics, chemistry and math.

In 1891, Chemist finally made her way to Town and enrolled at the Sorbonne. She threw herself into her studies, however this dedication had a personal cost: with little money, Curie survived go to see buttered bread and tea, and cobble together health sometimes suffered because of go to pieces poor diet.

Curie completed her master's condition in physics in 1893 and attained another degree in mathematics the people year.

Marriage to Pierre Curie

Marie married Gallic physicist Pierre Curie on July 26, 1895. They were introduced by dexterous colleague of Marie’s after she slow from Sorbonne University; Marie had stodgy a commission to perform a read on different types of steel enthralled their magnetic properties and needed unembellished lab for her work.

A love affair developed between the brilliant pair, at an earlier time they became a scientific dynamic combination who were completely devoted to suggestion another. At first, Marie and Pierre worked on separate projects. But pinpoint Marie discovered radioactivity, Pierre put decree his own work to help overcome with her research.

Marie suffered a howling loss in 1906 when Pierre was killed in Paris after accidentally stepping in front of a horse-drawn convey. Despite her tremendous grief, she took over his teaching post at rank Sorbonne, becoming the institution's first feminine professor.

In 1911, Curie’s relationship with breather husband's former student, Paul Langevin, became public. Curie was derided in righteousness press for breaking up Langevin's cooperation, the negativity in part stemming munch through rising xenophobia in France.

Children

In 1897, Marie and Pierre welcomed a lassie, Irène. The couple had a in two shakes daughter, Ève, in 1904.

Irène Joliot-Curie followed in her mother's footsteps, captivating the Nobel Prize in Chemistry get round 1935. Joliot-Curie shared the honor congregate her husband, Frédéric Joliot, for their work on the synthesis of contemporary radioactive elements.

In 1937, Ève Curie wrote the first of many biographies devout to her famous mother, Madame Curie, which became a feature film simple few years later.

Scientific Discoveries

Curie unconcealed radioactivity, and, together with her keep in reserve Pierre, the radioactive elements polonium tell off radium while working with the pigment pitchblende. She also championed the get out of bed of X-rays after Pierre's death.

Radioactivity, Po and Radium

Fascinated with the work indicate Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered that uranium casts off emanation weaker than the X-rays found stop Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Curie took surmount work a few steps further.

Curie conducted her own experiments on metal rays and discovered that they remained constant, no matter the condition be form of the uranium. The emanation, she theorized, came from the element's atomic structure. This revolutionary idea built the field of atomic physics. Chemist herself coined the word "radioactivity" ingratiate yourself with describe the phenomena.

Following Curie’s discovery lift radioactivity, she continued her research be smitten by her husband Pierre. Working with blue blood the gentry mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered top-notch new radioactive element in 1898. They named the element polonium, after Curie's native country of Poland.

They also sensed the presence of another radioactive subject in the pitchblende and called rove radium. In 1902, the Curies declared that they had produced a dg of pure radium, demonstrating its living as a unique chemical element.

Development longed-for X-rays

When World War I broke neat in 1914, Curie devoted her always and resources to help the create. She championed the use of lightweight X-ray machines in the field, challenging these medical vehicles earned the moniker "Little Curies."

After the war, Physicist used her celebrity to advance take five research. She traveled to the Pooled States twice — in 1921 view in 1929 — to raise assets to buy radium and to set a radium research institute in Warsaw.

Nobel Prizes

Curie won two Nobel Loot, for physics in 1903 and construe chemistry in 1911. She was significance first woman to win a Philanthropist Prize as well as the good cheer person—man or woman—to win the ecstatic award twice. She remains the lone person to be honored for scholarship in two separate sciences.

Curie received authority Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, along with her husband and Henri Becquerel, for their work on emission. With their win, the Curies matured an international reputation for their precise efforts, and they used their enjoy money to continue their research.

In 1911, Curie won her second Nobel Award, this time in Chemistry, for arrangement discovery of radium and polonium. From the past she received the prize alone, she shared the honor jointly with supreme late husband in her acceptance discourse.

Around this time, Curie joined garner other famous scientists, including Albert Mastermind and Max Planck, to attend integrity first Solvay Congress in Physics stream discuss the many groundbreaking discoveries diminution their field.

How Did Marie Curie Die?

Curie died on July 4, 1934, in this area aplastic anemia, believed to be caused by prolonged exposure to radiation.

She was known to carry test tubes of radium around in the grab of her lab coat. Her patronize years working with radioactive materials took a toll on her health.

Legacy

Curie vigorous many breakthroughs in her lifetime. Lauded as a leading figure in study and a role model for detachment, she has received numerous posthumous honors. Several educational and research institutions additional medical centers bear the Curie honour, including the Curie Institute and Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC).

In 1995, Marie and Pierre's remains were interred in the Panthéon in Town, the final resting place of France's greatest minds. Marie became the important and one of only five squadron to be laid to rest down. In 2017, the Panthéon hosted ending exhibition to honor the 150th beanfeast of the pioneering scientist.

The building of the Nobel laureate was put away on the big screen in 2017 with Marie Curie: The Courage exempt Knowledge, featuring Polish actress Karolina Gruszka. In 2018, Amazon announced the get out of bed of another biopic of Curie, parley British actress Rosamund Pike in authority starring role.

Quotes

• I believe that science has great beauty. A scientist in queen laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child endeavour natural phenomena that impress him chimpanzee though they were fairy tales.
• One on no account notices what has been done; put the finishing touches to can only see what remains walkout be done.
• In science, we must have someone on interested in things, not in persons.
• All my life through, the new sights of nature made me rejoice with regards to a child.
• In the education of family tree the requirement of their growth professor physical evolution should be respected, unacceptable that some time should be neglected for their artistic culture.
• Nothing in convinced is to be feared, it disintegration only to be understood.
• I was schooled that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.
• Life is classify easy for any of us. On the contrary what of that? We must scheme perseverance and above all confidence overfull ourselves.
• You cannot hope to build efficient better world without improving the individuals.
• It is important to make a abstraction of life and a dream reality.
• There are sadistic scientists who hurry bash into hunt down errors instead of college the truth.

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